O objetivo do estudo é analisar a série De onde vem? , a qual introduz o conhecimento científico na infância, identificando aspectos que justifiquem o seu emprego como um recurso pedagógico adequado para a introdução de conceitos de Ciência de forma lúdica e dinâmica na infância. Os resultados apresentam aspectos gerais dos episódios da Série, além da descrição estrutural dos episódios de forma generalizada de acordo com as categorias sugeridas por Gomes (2008). A Série introduz conceitos científicos, presentes no cotidiano, (...) por meio de uma linguagem adequada à compreensão infantil, tornando, assim, este material uma importante alternativa de apoio ao professor do Ensino Fundamental para a introdução da ciência na infância. (shrink)

O presente trabalho pretende dar forma à ideia de cisheteronormatividade, a partir de conceitos de teóricos de gênero e sexualidade que apresentam a normatividade como heteronormatividade e cisnormatividade ou cissexismo, convertendo tais conceitos, até então distintos, em conjunto delimitado e único, que oprime e marginaliza sujeitos inadequados à cisheteronorma. Corroborando tal pressuposto - da cisheteronorma como força única e não separadamente como heteronormatividade e cissexismo - será feita uma leitura cruzada com o conceito de “instituições totais”, instituições disciplinares que têm (...) como principal objetivo a modelagem da subjetividade dos indivíduos que nela vivem, comparando ações de violência (que se supõem corretivas) contra a comunidade LGBT com ações de reforço e punições presentes nas instituições totais caracterizadas por Goffman na obra Manicômios, prisões e conventos (1961). Dessa forma, a sociedade pode ser globalmente compreendida como uma instituição total que tem como objetivo a modelagem da subjetividade dos corpos para que estes naturalizem identidades cisgêneras e heterossexuais, através de esquemas de reforços e punições bem delimitados, tais quais as instituições estudadas por Goffman. (shrink)

Introdução: as inovações tecnológicas que surgem no contexto dos Arquivos estão diretamente ligadas à sua capacidade de evolução e adaptação. Descobrir e estudar quais dessas novas tecnologias podem ser mais bem aproveitadas nos Arquivos pode ser a diferença entre evoluir ou padecer. Objetivo: mapear as tendências recentes encontradas na literatura científica sobre as mudanças que estão ocorrendo nos Arquivos. Metodologia: foi realizada uma revisão de literatura, para determinar as principais tendências encontradas na literatura científica recente, a partir do ano de (...) 2015, sobre as inovações e mudanças que têm ocorrido nos Arquivos. Resultados: observa que alguns aspectos de destaque no que concerne às Arquivos do futuro: evolução da web, makerspaces, redes sociais e mudança no perfil do profissional que trabalha com Arquivos. Conclusões: O futuro dos Arquivos é ainda incerto, mas aponta em algumas direções, e é definitivamente digital, com acesso universal, porém não gratuito, também admite a esfera de social, interativa e vivo em constante evolução, uma evoluir bem mais rápido e dinâmico do que o observado no século XX. (shrink)

This article analyses the contributions of the sociologies or theories of the South to the contemporary debates on the production of theory in the social sciences. Starting with the assumption that these projects adopt a critical view of how sociology has privileged certain objects over others in a colonial way, it proposes an analysis that makes use of certain aspects of the actor-network theory. This approach, it is suggested, will help the sociologies of the South to focus on the production (...) of ontoforms as their specific object, ontoforms which expand and at times challenge the established hegemonic notions of the social and of agency in this area of knowledge. (shrink)

O estatuto da ideia de Filosofia Primeira na Fenomenologia de Husserl Resumo: O objetivo do artigo que se segue é se dedicar a uma leitura e interpretação dos textos de Edmund Husserl que fazem uso do conceito de “Filosofia Primeira” para se referir em geral à fenomenologia e propor a tese de que a ideia de “primeira” surge de início na obra husserliana como uma privilegiada chave de demarcação do projeto fenomenológico em relação à hierarquia das ciências, e que ele (...) traduz no final, com a evolução e o alargamento dos horizontes abertos por esse projeto, o duplo sentido da fenomenologia como “ciência de rigor” e como “filosofia”, e o esforço de elevar a fenomenologia pura ao estatuto de uma filosofia fenomenológica. Palavras-chave: Husserl; Filosofia Primeira; Fenomenologia pura; Filosofia Fenomenológica. The status of the First Philosophy idea in Husserl’s Phenomenology Abstract: The aim of the following paper is to read and to interpret Edmund Husserl's texts that make use of the concept of “First Philosophy” to refer in general to phenomenology and propose the thesis that the idea of “first” arises from the beginning in Husserlian work as a privileged key of demarcation of the phenomenological project in relation to the hierarchy of sciences, and that it finally translates, with the evolution and broadening of the horizons opened by this project, the double meaning of phenomenology as “rigorous science” and as “philosophy”, and the effort to rise pure phenomenology to the status of a phenomenological philosophy. Keywords: First Philosophy; Pure Phenomenology; Phenomenological Philosophy. Die Stellung der Idee von der Ersten Philosophie in Husserls Phänomenologie Zusammenfassung: Der begreiffende Text handelt sich um die Vorstellung, deren Grund des folgenden Abschnitt darin besteht, die Texte von Edmund Husserl zu lesen und zu interpretieren. Dies verwenden den Begriff der „Ersten Philosophie“, um allgemein auf die Phänomenologie zu verweisen und die These aufzustellen, sodass die Idee von „Ersten“ von Anfang an in Husserlian Arbeit entsteht als privilegierter Abgrenzungsschlüssel des phänomenologischen Projekts in Bezug auf die Hierarchie der Wissenschaften. Laut Husserl wird die doppelte Bedeutung der Phänomenologie schließlich durch die Entwicklung und Erweiterung des vom Projekt verbreitenden Horizons verwirklicht. Er hält die als „strenge Wissenschaft“ und als „Philosophie“ und fasst den Entschluss, die reine Phänomenologie in der Stellung einer phänomenologischen Philosophie zu erheben. Stichworte: Husserl; Erste Philosophie; Reine Phänomenologie; Phänomenologische Philosophie. Data de registro: 26/07/2021 Data de aceite: 01/12/2021. (shrink)

O principal objetivo desse texto é apresentar um quadro geral da relação da filosofia de Giambattista Vico com a Nápoles do período do século XVIII. Os principais tópicos em discussão tratam da relação de Vico com o renascimento, com o barroco, com as principais mudanças das concepções científicas e as academias napolitanas, com a Igreja e com o agitado ambiente político. Para esse estudo, foram consideradas as suas primeiras obras, De ratione e De antiquissima, sua autobiografia e sua obra principal, (...) a Scienza nuova. Apoiados nos principais estudiosos e comentadores de Vico, pretendeu-se elaborar um panorama do contexto em que ele estava inserido e buscou-se interpretar como isso participou de sua teoria filosófica. (shrink)

Resumo: O presente artigo se destina a tratar do tema da evidência na fenomenologia de Husserl e busca mostrar como essa questão torna-se objeto de uma disciplina fenomenológica especial chamada “fenomenologia da razão”. O texto discute de início a tripla estratificação da lógica feita por Husserl: morfologia pura dos juízos, lógica da não-contradição e lógica da verdade, com o intuito de situar o lugar ocupado pela questão da evidência em sua relação com a lógica e com a concepção fenomenológica de (...) verdade. As 8 seções que vão na sequência dessa discussão ocupam-se, respectivamente, com a dupla redução da evidência na lógica e no psicologismo; com a evidência como princípio; com o simbolismo da lógica; a análise da linguagem e a caracterização fenomenológica dos atos de consciência; a evidência e o ideal da adæquatio; a evidência como efetuação intencional do autodado; a hierarquização fenomenológica das evidências, e seus dois principais modos na adequação e na apoditicidade. Por fim, mostramos como a análise das evidências leva à fenomenologia da razão. Palavras-chave: Evidência; Husserl; Fenomenologia; Razão The question of evidence and the husserlian phenomenology of reason Abstract: This article is intended to address the issue of evidence in Husserl's phenomenology and seeks to show how this issue becomes the subject of a specialized phenomenological discipline called “phenomenology of reason”. The text at first discusses the triple stratification of logic made by Husserl: pure morphology of judgments, logic of non-contradiction and logic of truth. It aims situating the place occupied by the question of evidence in its relation to logic and phenomenological conception of truth. The 8 sections that follow this discussion are concerned, respectively, with the double reduction of evidence in logic and psychologism; with evidence as a principle; with the symbolism of logic; the analysis of language and the phenomenological characterization of acts of conscience; the evidence and ideal of adæquatio; evidence as the intentional realization of self-data; the phenomenological hierarchization of evidence, and its two main modes in adequacy and apodicticity. Finally, we show how the analysis of the evidence leads to the phenomenology of reason. Keywords: Evidence; Husserl; Phenomenology; Reason La question de l'évidence et la phénoménologie husserlienne de la raison Résumé: Le présent article porte sur la question de l'évidence dans la phénoménologie de Husserl, il cherche à montrer comment cette question devient le sujet d'une discipline phénoménologique particulière appelée la « phénoménologie de la raison ». Le texte traite d'abord de la triple stratification de la logique opérée par Husserl : pure morphologie des jugements, logique de la non-contradiction et logique de la vérité, avec le but de situer la place occupée par la question de l'évidence dans son rapport à la logique et à la conception phénoménologique de la vérité. Les 8 sections qui suivent cette discussion concernent respectivement la double réduction de l'évidence en logique et en psychologisme ; l’évidence comme principe; le symbolisme de la logique; l'analyse du langage et la caractérisation phénoménologique des actes de conscience ; l'évidence et l'idéal de l'adæquatio ; l’évidence en tant que réalisation intentionnelle de les données elles-mêmes; la hiérarchisation phénoménologique de l'évidence, et ses deux principaux modes d'adéquation et d'apodicticité. Enfin, nous montrons comment l'analyse de l'évidence conduit à la phénoménologie de la raison. Mots-clés: Évidence; Husserl; Phénoménologie; Raison Data de registro: 20/12/2022 Data de aceite: 22/11/2023. (shrink)

O Brasil, diz Millôr Fernandes, tem um enorme passado pela frente e, esse projeto de nação ergue-se com a memória coletiva. Nessa via, o objetivo do estudo é analisar bibliometricamente como a temática ‘memória coletiva’ se apresenta indexada no acervo da literatura científica da Ciência da Informação - Brapci. A pesquisa estabelece métricas sobre o quantitativo anual de publicações, os periódicos e os autores envolvidos, as palavras chaves mais frequentes. Estabelecido o recorte dos últimos dez anos completos, são recuperados 50 (...) artigos. O diagnóstico nota a sustentabilidade da produção científica relacionada ao tema memória coletiva e, com o debate das práticas patrimoniais e memorialistas alinham-se ações em prol da visibilidade, do acautelamento e da proteção do Patrimônio Cultural. Conclui-se que entre os anos de 2017 e 2021 a temática memória coletiva adentra na Ciência da Informação, cingindo construtos em prol da ética, da transparência e dos direitos humanos. A temática processa amplas provocações e reflexões que, por meio das narrativas da memória e do esquecimento estão ligadas ao status teórico-linguístico inerente às interfaces do Ser Informação. (shrink)

Resenha dos livros Aisthesis. Cenas do regime estético da arte e Le temps du paysage. Aux origines de la révolution esthétique, de Jacques Rancière. De As três fontes das filosofias da história, de Bertrand Binoche, e de A filosofia da fisiocracia: Metafísica, política, economia, de Thiago Vargas. Conta ainda com uma resenha da 34ª Bienal de São Paulo.

Caudillismo y fragmentación territorial después de las revoluciones de 1810: La “expedición al desierto” de Juan Manuel de Rosas a la luz de la teoría históricogenética de la cultura. La abundante bibliografía sobre el caudillismo parece haber relegado a un segundo plano el problema de la lógica espacial subyacente a la movilización político-militar de la primera mitad del siglo XIX en Hispanoamérica. A la luz de la teoría histórico-genética de la cultura, el presente artículo se propone analizar los medios de (...) orientación geográfica de los que se sirvió la “expedición al desierto” de Juan Manuel de Rosas, con la convicción de que el análisis de la representación y la cognición del espacio puede contribuir decisivamente a la comprensión de la fragmentación territorial que caracterizó a la región después de las guerras de independencia. (shrink)

The big Leibnizian news from Israel is that from October 1st up to September 30 we are running here, at the Institute of Advanced Studies, a research project centered on our beloved hero. The project, involves scholars as well as graduate students from many countries. Some will be fellows of the Institute for practically the whole year [Marcelo Dascal, Gideon Freudenthal, Massimo Mugnai, Carl Posy, Quintin Racionero, Elhanan Yakira ]. Other colleagues will be here for shorter periods [, Ezequiel (...) de Olaso, Kuno Lorenz, Alan Gross, Maria Rosa Antognazza, Olga Pombo, Marta Spranzi-Zuber, Mirella Saim, etc.]. Several other scholars have been also participating regularly in our seminars and working sessions, which have been so far very lively. We are working in parallel paths: A. trying to learn about other approaches to controversies and to develop our own approach; B. studying Leibniz’s own theory or theories of controversies; C. studying Leibniz’s practice of controversy, in several particular cases. (shrink)

O presente artigo objetiva refletir sobre a dimensão da preparação da Festa da Eucaristia através da Catequese. Sabendo-se - de acordo com o Catecismo da Igreja Católica e alguns documentos do Magistério da Igreja, tais como a Sacrosanctum Concilium e a Sacamentum Caritatis - que a Eucaristia é “fonte e ápice de toda a vida cristã”, pois esse sacramento “contém todo o bem espiritual da Igreja, a saber, o próprio Cristo, nossa Páscoa.” Com efeito, a Eucaristia é por excelência o (...) mistério da nossa fé e possui uma riqueza inesgotável: é a ceia do Senhor, a fração do Pão, comunhão, assembleia eucarística, Memorial da Paixão e Ressurreição do Senhor, divina Liturgia e santa Missa¹. Por tudo isso, é relevante considerar que a catequese é o momento privilegiado para apresentar toda a beleza desse Sacramento, permitindo que as crianças e jovens possam conhecer, amar e comungar Jesus Cristo Eucarístico, antecipando aqui na terra a eterna Festa do Céu. (shrink)

O beisebol, em pouco tempo, se tornou o esporte mais popular dos Estados Unidos. Tornou-se, também, uma inspiração para o jornalismo norte-americano que se utilizava de elementos literários para narrar as jogadas e os mitos dos jogadores, elevando-os a condição de heróis. Nos anos 1960, o novo jornalismo, mesmo despretensioso, esse estilo permitiu ao jornalista utilizar-se de sua subjetividade para contar os fatos. John Updike, representante do novo jornalismo e autor da crônica trabalhada nesta pesquisa, encontraram no beisebol uma de (...) suas inspirações. Para análise, foi utilizado o conceito de Narratologia e o modelo atuacional de Algirdas J. Greimas e a concepção de ficção e realidade da Rosana Soares, Marcelo Bulhões e Jean-Paul Sartre, buscando a constatação do engendramento entre ficção e realidade nas crônicas de beisebol no novo jornalismo. (shrink)

This article investigates the existence of an original Brazilian legal culture. It parts from a critical examination of the key moments in the history of Brazil through the accounts of its most important scholars, such as Caio Prado Júnior, Darcy Ribeiro, Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, Wilson Martins, Oliveira Viana, Roberto Damatta, José Murilo de Carvalho, among others. It identifies in the Brazilian legal culture something one might call tradition of exception, which can be found in many of its most (...) prominent aspects, such as the persistent denial of any general or abstract regulatory standards, the uncritical introduction of foreign doctrines and legal patterns, the maintenance of aristocratic traditions in social life and the historical disregard of the Brazilian people as political subject. The article also offers a reflection on the problems and potentials of the current historic moment, in which for the first time Brazilians face the possibility of a genuine cultural emancipation. (shrink)

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) aspirations by companies have been identified as a motivating factor for active employee participation in CSR implementation. However, a failure to practise what one preaches can backfire and lead to attribution of hypocrisy. Drawing on a qualitative study of an award-winning sustainability pioneer in the cosmetics sector, we explore the role of moral judgement in how and when employees interpret word–deed misalignment in CSR implementation as hypocritical. First, our case reveals that high CSR aspirations by companies (...) raise employees’ moral expectations. Second, we develop a framework that explains variations in employees’ hypocrisy interpretations based on consequentialist and deontological forms of moral judgement. Our research advances a contextual view of hypocrisy, not as an objective characteristic of an organisation, but as an outcome of interpretative processes of perceived motives and results in CSR implementation. Our framework thereby explains why even highly committed organisations may face accusations of hypocrisy. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to combine several Ivlev-like modal systems characterized by 4-valued non-deterministic matrices (Nmatrices) with $$\mathcal {IDM}4$$, a 4-valued expansion of Belnap–Dunn’s logic $$FDE$$ with an implication introduced by Pynko in 1999. In order to do this, we introduce a new methodology for combining logics which are characterized by means of swap structures, based on what we call superposition of snapshots. In particular, the combination of $$\mathcal {IDM}4$$ with $$Tm$$, the 4-valued Ivlev’s version of KT, will (...) be analyzed with more details. From the semantical perspective, the idea is to combine the 4-valued swap structures (Nmatrices) for $$Tm$$ (and several of its extensions) with the 4-valued twist structure (logical matrix) for $$\mathcal {IDM}4$$. This superposition produces a universe of 6 snapshots, with 3 of them being designated. The multioperators over the new universe are defined by combining the specifications of the given swap and twist structures. This gives rise to 6 different paradefinite Ivlev-like modal logics, each one of them characterized by a 6-valued Nmatrix, and conservatively extending the original modal logic and $$\mathcal {IDM}4$$. This important feature allows to consider the proposed construction as a genuine technique for combining logics. In addition, it is possible to define in the combined logics a classicality operator in the sense of logics of evidence and truth (LETs). A sound and complete Hilbert-style axiomatization is also presented for the 6 combined systems, as well as a Prolog program which implements the swap structures semantics for the 6 systems, producing a decision procedure for satisfiability, refutability and validity of formulas in these logics. (shrink)

Mental health issues are on the rise among early career researchers (ECRs), endangering the future of academia. Horizontal linkages among ECRs can play a role in building a reliable emotional support system. We offer four suggestions to overcome existing barriers and foster these linkages.

Virtue ethics has often been regarded as complementary or laissez-faire ethics in solving business problems. This paper seeks conceptual and methodological improvements by developing a virtue character scale that will enable assessment of the link between organizational level virtue and organizational performance, financial or non-financial. Based upon three theoretical assumptions, multiple studies were conducted; the content analysis of 158 Fortune Global 500 firms ethical values and a survey of 2548 customers and employees. Six dimensions of organizational virtue (Integrity, Empathy, Warmth, (...) Courage, Conscientiousness and Zeal) are identified through confirmatory factor analysis, and validated against satisfaction measure. Strategic implications of virtue characters are discussed. (shrink)

The man who is seeking to convert another in the proper manner should do so in a dialectical and not in a contentious way ... he who asks questions in a contentious spirit and he who in replying refuses to admit what is apparent ... are both of them bad dialecticians.

There is increasing evidence that dynamic changes to chromatin, chromosomes and nuclear architecture are regulated by RNA signalling. Although the precise molecular mechanisms are not well understood, they appear to involve the differential recruitment of a hierarchy of generic chromatin modifying complexes and DNA methyltransferases to specific loci by RNAs during differentiation and development. A significant fraction of the genome-wide transcription of non-protein coding RNAs may be involved in this process, comprising a previously hidden layer of intermediary genetic information that (...) underpins developmental ontogeny and the differences between species, ecotypes and individuals. It is also evident that RNA editing is a primary means by which hardwired genetic information in animals can be altered by environmental signals, especially in the brain, indicating a dynamic RNA-mediated interplay between the transcriptome, the environment and the epigenome. Moreover, RNA-directed regulatory processes may also transfer epigenetic information not only within cells but also between cells and organ systems, as well as across generations. (shrink)

Esta comunicación pretende reflexionar sobre lo que se entiende por �dominación� y como ella se relaciona con la �soberanía�. Para ello se hará un pequeño recorrido histórico para analizar las distintas formas soberanas. Con este análisis se llegará a la época actual reinada por el libre mercado, con lo que se hará necesario reflexionar sobre él y vincularlo, si es preciso, con la dominación, a pesar de la contradicción incial.

This book concerns the nature and the norms of inquiry. It tackles not only philosophical issues regarding what inquiry is, but also issues regarding how it should and should not be executed. Roughly put, inquiry is the activity of searching for the true answers to questions of our interest. But what is the difference between empirical and armchair inquiry? And what are the right and the wrong ways to inquire? Under what conditions should one start inquiring? Which questions are such (...) that one should not inquire into them? The book offers answers to these questions. It argues that competent armchair inquiry only makes explicit what was already implicit--the inquirer already had the answer to her question before inquiring into it, though this was not explicit to her. It also argues that we should avoid inquiring into questions whose answers are unknowable to us, in the instrumental sense of 'should', and that different modes of inquiry are called for, depending on which type of information is available to the subject. These answers are rigorously argued for, and they stem from a unified framework for modeling the activity of inquiry. (shrink)

We introduce a methodology whereby an arbitrary logic system L can be enriched with temporal features to create a new system T(L). The new system is constructed by combining L with a pure propositional temporal logic T (such as linear temporal logic with Since and Until) in a special way. We refer to this method as adding a temporal dimension to L or just temporalising L. We show that the logic system T(L) preserves several properties of the original temporal logic (...) like soundness, completeness, decidability, conservativeness and separation over linear flows of time. We then focus on the temporalisation of first-order logic, and a comparison is make with other first-order approaches to the handling of time. (shrink)

The aim of the paper is to analyze the expressive power of the square operator of Łukasiewicz logic: ∗x=x⊙x⁠, where ⊙ is the strong Łukasiewicz conjunction. In particular, we aim at understanding and characterizing those cases in which the square operator is enough to construct a finite MV-chain from a finite totally ordered set endowed with an involutive negation. The first of our main results shows that, indeed, the whole structure of MV-chain can be reconstructed from the involution and the (...) Łukasiewicz square operator if and only if the obtained structure has only trivial subalgebras and, equivalently, if and only if the cardinality of the starting chain is of the form n+1 where n belongs to a class of prime numbers that we fully characterize. Secondly, we axiomatize the algebraizable matrix logic whose semantics is given by the variety generated by a finite totally ordered set endowed with an involutive negation and Łukasiewicz square operator. Finally, we propose an alternative way to account for Łukasiewicz square operator on involutive Gödel chains. In this setting, we show that such an operator can be captured by a rather intuitive set of equations. (shrink)

The systemic complexity of sustainable development imposes a major cognitive challenge to students’ learning. Faculty can explore new approaches in the classroom to teach the topic successfully, including the use of technology. We conducted an experiment to compare the effectiveness of a simulation vis-à-vis a case-based method to teach sustainable development. We found that both pedagogical methods are effective for teaching this concept, although our results support the idea that simulations are slightly more effective than case studies, particularly to teach (...) its multidimensional and inter-temporal nature. Therefore, our findings suggest the use of both simulations and case studies as pedagogical tools to convey the main ideas associated with sustainable development. (shrink)

This volume deals with the relation between pragmatics and the philosophy of mind.

Whereas the most visible forms of political colonialism have for the most part disappeared from the planet by the end of the millennium, several of its consequences remain with us. Criticism of colonialism, accordingly, has shifted its focus to its more subtle and lasting manifestations. Prominent among these are the varieties of what came to be known as the ‘colonization of the mind’. This is one of the forms of ‘epistemic violence’ that it is certainly the task of philosophers to (...) contribute to identify and struggle against. ‘Postcolonial’ thinkers have undertaken not only to analyze this phenomenon, but also to devise strategies for effectively combating and hopefully eradicating colonialism’s most damaging aspect – the taking possession and control of its victims’ minds. My purpose in this paper is to contribute, qua philosopher, to both of these undertakings. I begin by trying to clarify the nature of the colonization of the mind and its epistemic underpinnings and the typical reactions to it. Next, I examine examples of these reactions with their corresponding analyses and strategies. The assumptions underlying them reveal certain inherent paradoxes, which call into question the possibility of a full decolonization of mind. I conclude by suggesting an alternative strategy and a series of means to implement it. (shrink)

In this article we explore multiple change operators, i.e., operators in which the epistemic input is a set of sentences instead of a single sentence. We propose two types of change: prioritized change, in which the input set is fully accepted, and symmetric change, where both the epistemic state and the epistemic input are equally treated. In both kinds of operators we propose a set of postulates and we present different constructions: kernel changes and partial meet changes.

Resumo: Objetiva-se analisar e cotejar a teoria da decolonialidade, a partir das elaborações teóricas heterogêneas de dois de seus principais representantes na América Latina: Enrique Dussel (1934-2023) e Anibal Quijano (1928-2018). Tais elaborações teóricas apresentam-se sob a forma e conteúdo de duas chaves de leitura: o conceito de transmodernidade de Dussel e de matriz colonial de poder de Quijano; a partir das quais desenvolveram críticas à modernidade e à razão, com o propósito de forjar um novo tipo de conhecimento, capaz (...) de representar a identidade, autonomia e unidade latino-americano. A partir da leitura imanente das obras, apresentar-se-á os limites e possibilidades que emergem da crítica decolonial. Trata-se da adoção de um procedimento metodológico complexo que poderia ser sintetizado na forma e no conteúdo do conceito de aufhebung (suprassunção), a partir do qual institui-se a unidade de contrários como técnica e método de investigação e exposição dos processos históricos e entendimento do movimento e dinâmica do objeto. Palavras-chave: Teoria da História; Decolonialidade; Dialética Marxiana Decoloniality as a gift: the myth of the past more than perfect Abstract: The objective is to analyze and compare the theory of decoloniality, based on the heterogeneous theoretical elaborations of two of its main representatives in Latin America: Enrique Dussel (1934-2023) and Anibal Quijano (1928-2018). Such theoretical elaborations are presented in the form and content of two reading keys: Dussel's concept of transmodernity and Quijano's colonial matrix of power; from which they developed criticisms of modernity and reason, with the purpose of forging a new type of knowledge, capable of representing Latin American identity, autonomy and unity. From the immanent reading of the works, the limits and possibilities that emerge from decolonial criticism will be presented. It is the adoption of a complex methodological procedure that could be synthesized in the form and content of the concept of aufhebung, from which the unity of opposites is established as a technique and method of investigation and exposure of historical and understanding the movement and dynamics of the object. Key-words: Theory of History; Decoloniality; Marxian Dialectics La decolonialidad como don: el mito del passado perfecto Resumen: El objetivo es analizar y comparar la teoría de la descolonialidad, a partir de las heterogéneas elaboraciones teóricas de dos de sus principales representantes en América Latina: Enrique Dussel (1934-2023) y Aníbal Quijano (1928-2018). Tales elaboraciones teóricas se presentan en la forma y el contenido de dos claves de lectura: el concepto de transmodernidad de Dussel y la matriz colonial del poder de Quijano; a partir de las cuales desarrollaron críticas a la modernidad y la razón, con el propósito de forjar un nuevo tipo de conocimiento, capaz de representar la identidad, autonomía y unidad latinoamericana. A partir de la lectura inmanente de las obras se presentarán los límites y posibilidades que emergen de la crítica decolonial. Es la adopción de un procedimiento metodológico complejo que podría sintetizarse en la forma y contenido del concepto de aufhebung, a partir del cual se establece la unidad de los opuestos como técnica y método de investigación y exposición de la historia y comprensión del movimiento. y dinámica del objeto. Palabras clave: Teoría de la Historia; Decolonialidad; Dialéctica Marxista Data de registro: 07/07/2022 Data de aceite: 24/01/2024. (shrink)

Prior research on corporate misconduct pays extensive attention to single misconduct behaviors. However, little research has addressed recidivism – the repeated behaviors of corporate misconduct. Based on institutional theory and using the context of emerging economies where recidivism plays a considerable role, we propose the path dependency of corporate recidivism and suggest that three influential factors exist: internal preconditioning, inter-organizational imitation, and the prevailing external evaluation. Our event history analysis of 1,036 listed companies in China over the period 2001–2008 statistically (...) confirms our hypotheses. We conclude the paper by outlining the implications for both theory and practice. (shrink)

Derk Pereboom and Gregg Caruso argue that humans are never morally responsible for their actions and take that thesis as a starting point for a project whose ultimate goal is the reform of responsibility practices, which include expressions of praise, blame, and the institution of legal punishment. This paper shares the skeptical concern that current responsibility practices can be suboptimal and in need of change, but argues that a non-skeptical pursuit of those changes is viable and more promising. The main (...) lines of the argument are developed by assessing the prospects of implementing one of the changes favored within the skeptical project (namely, the reduction of punishment severity) in light of how human moral psychology works. An original vignette experiment (N = 180; participants from Facebook groups related to Brazilian universities) asked participants to recommend sentences for a fictitious criminal after considering alternatives to regular punishment that varied in their effectiveness to prevent reoffending. The results suggest that people can become less punitive even if they continue to believe in moral responsibility and free will. The paper further argues that reforming responsibility practices is more likely to occur without the endorsement of skepticism. (shrink)

If we had a balance of reasons, where the arguments presented in favor and against the case were weighed precisely and the verdict could be pronounced in favor of the most inclined scale ... [we would have] a more valuable art than that miraculous science of producing gold.

We present different constructions for nonprioritized belief revision, that is, belief changes in which the input sentences are not always accepted. First, we present the concept of explanation in a deductive way. Second, we define multiple revision operators with respect to sets of sentences (representing explanations), giving representation theorems. Finally, we relate the formulated operators with argumentative systems and default reasoning frameworks.

Starting from the platonic concept of thumos/thumoeides formulated in the Republic, the paper intends to show (1) the originality of the those concepts for the Plato’s anthropological conception of the individual and the citizen; (2) its coherence with the platonic doctrine of the Principles, delivered by the so called indirect tradition of the Platonism, and, (3) its fecundity for a contemporary reflection about the action of the statesman and about the political action of the philosopher. Key words: Plato, courage, moderation, (...) measure, mixture, indirect tradition. (shrink)

Although the controversy between Malthus and Ricardo has long been considered to be an important source for the history of economic thought, it has hardly been the object of a careful study qua controversy, i.e. as a polemical dialogical exchange. We have undertaken to fill this gap, within the framework of a more ambitious project that places controversies at the center of an account of the history of ideas, in science and elsewhere. It is our contention that the dialogical co-text (...) is essential for reconstructing the meaning and the evolution of science. In the present paper we try to substantiate this contention by means of a pragma-rhetorical study of this particular controversy. First, we reconstruct, through an analysis of a chunk of the correspondence, a micro-level of specific moves and countermoves which constitute a sequential structure within which also meta-scientific and meta-controversial considerations play a role. We then move to a macro-level of analysis, looking for recurrent patterns of argumentation. Finally, we draw epistemological conclusions on the nature of rationality and progress as manifested in actual scientific controversies. (shrink)

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación sobre la violencia política en Perú y su actual incidencia en la crisis de legitimidad de las instituciones políticas democráticas. La metodología empleada supone la revisión documental y el tratamiento de otras fuentes sobre las múltiples maneras como el conflicto armado debilitó la credibilidad en los mecanismos y estamentos democráticos. Se presentan elementos concluyentes sobre la continuidad, durante y después del conflicto, de la desigualdad, la frustración en la búsqueda de la verdad (...) y justicia ante la violación de los derechos humanos como causas de la crisis e inestabilidad política en Perú. El artículo permitirá concluir con la grave crisis de gobernabilidad que atraviesa el país, que se traduce en prácticas corruptas que paralizan su desarrollo económico, marcando el paso de una crisis económica a una crisis política: un puente que une los años 1992 a 2018 y que deja como saldo una pérdida generalizada de confianza en la clase política y en las instituciones del poder público en Perú. (shrink)

Through the examination of recent developments in Iraq, Brazil and China, this paper explores the role of public communication in a) generating, corralling, and buttressing political legitimacy, and b) negotiating, demarcating, and reproducing collective identities. The transformation of Iraq’s public sphere after the fall of the Ba’ath regime saw it shift from a tightly controlled and unified communication space to unencumbered yet fragmented spheres split along ethno-sectarian lines, buttressing sectarian politics and identities. The emergence of subaltern publics in Brazil’s favelas (...) empowered residents to express public dissent, assert their voice, and develop pride in their community. Chinese efforts to control online public discourse provide the government with ways of managing its perceived legitimacy and foster patriotic fellowship online. Legitimation and the affirmation of identity interact and support one another in public discourse, as we illustrate. (shrink)

Charles Peirce did not seem to have a consistent view regarding ethics. His occasional remarks on this subject appear to be contradictory at best and cynical at worst. As a result, many have suggested that his comments on ethics, especially those expressed in the 1898 Cambridge Conference lectures, should be dismissed or ignored. This chapter argues that Peirce's views on ethics can be best understood by comparing them to his views on scholastic realism and nominalism. When analyzed in this way, (...) Peirce's observations on ethics can serve as the grounds for a robust moderate moral realism that can compare favorably with contemporary metaethical theories. (shrink)

This study compares the different emphases on virtuous characters presented in their values, across global firms considering country and industry of origin. It presents a content analysis of the 122 codes of conduct statements from Fortune Global 500 firms, drawn from four sectors and using correspondence analysis. American firms tend to emphasize courage, while European firms emphasize integrity and empathy, surprisingly with Asian firms being closer to European ones. Retailers and pharmaceutical firms emphasize empathy, while banks and petroleum emphasize courage. (...) This study extends the newly emerging strategic paradigm of organizational virtue, by introducing an empirical study of ethical values. Implications for multinational companies are then discussed. (shrink)

This paper investigates modular combinations of temporal logic systems. Four combination methods are described and studied with respect to the transfer of logical properties from the component one-dimensional temporal logics to the resulting combined two-dimensional temporal logic. Three basic logical properties are analyzed, namely soundness, completeness, and decidability. Each combination method comprises three submethods that combine the languages, the inference systems, and the semantics of two one-dimensional temporal logic systems, generating families of two-dimensional temporal languages with varying expressivity and varying (...) degrees of transfer of logical properties. The temporalization method and the independent combination method are shown to transfer all three basic logical properties. The method of full join of logic systems generates a considerably more expressive language but fails to transfer completeness and decidability in several cases. So a weaker method of restricted join is proposed and shown to transfer all three basic logical properties. (shrink)